РЕМОНТ КОМПЬЮТЕРОВ В ГОМЕЛЕ. ТНТ-ОНЛАЙН.
ЛЮБЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТЕХНИКОЙ В ГОМЕЛЕ.
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Saturday, May 3, 2014
Tuesday, July 15, 2008
The director of own life 2.
Our habits so are arranged, that they do not wish to vary. Many people wish to begin «a new life» since tomorrow. But the majority of them not in a condition it to make. Really, when it is necessary to make something useful, there are reasons that it not to do. The originator of it is our own «the person of a habit». It switches on protective mechanisms against effort to begin a new life. It once again confirms, that our habits do not wish to vary. And among these habits habits of intellectual behaviour which operate us have special value. Sometimes under someone's influence or after perusal of the "clever" book we start to think of movement to the best. And it is valid, we manage to live some time "in a new fashion", however under the influence of habits all comes back to the circles. It once again confirms that fact, that refusal of habits is difficult and extremely unpleasant.
Any habit should not choke violent by. It means, that for disposal of an undesirable habit it is necessary to change itself so that to want useful, instead of harmful or dangerous. For example, for all the habit to "put off" is known. It is necessary to realise accurately, that it cannot be eliminated compulsorily. It will be possible to cope with a habit to postpone this or that business only when this business is pleasant to us. And it also is a nonviolent way of change of "the person of a habit».
Roughly suppressing negative habits, we risk to increase their force. When we combat harm, difficultly happens to refrain from violence though it and is counter-indicative. The more we would like to weaken force of a habit, the the smaller effort should be made over ourselves that it to eliminate. Determination to change itself to (operate) very often it is raised by violent self-control. As the main justification at unwillingness to change to the best many put an argument that «self-improvement I do not wish to increase difficulty of the life». They once again confirm with it, as it is difficult to change to "the person of a habit» and that any such change is the extremely painful. However the majority of people happens is compelled to change the habits only at threat to their well-being or a life. Someone undertakes the improvement only after a heart attack, having appeared on the verge of a life and death. Someone starts to train and reaches certain heights in sports to take itself from infinite abyss of champion race. Someone stops to smoke because of fear of amputation of a foot. Other examples too confirm, that many dare to change themselves only in need of disposal of sufferings, and it and is a violent paradigm of self-improvement.
The effort necessary for execution of any action, is defined by force of motivation. The motivation is that calls activity, induces the person to action. Experts confirm, that the more strongly the motivation, the is required efforts to definition of the purposes, activity maintenance according to the purpose less, on opposition to hindrances and attempts to stop activity under the influence of weariness and other reasons.
Thus, the more strongly energy of motivation, the it is necessary to put efforts less, the more strongly desire something to make, the «the person of will» is to a lesser degree involved. The motivation of activity decreases, when the purposes are defined by someone from the party. In those cases when the purposes are defined by someone another, we always feel necessity, that considerably reduces motivation of activity. If the person himself defines the activity purposes it is easier to it to execute it as they grow out of the free decision. That is why, that it was easy to make something, voluntariness is necessary. It is easy to do habitual business as all power of "the person of a habit» thus joins that allows to release an energy large quantity without special effort. « The person of will »in this case as though dozes and only sometimes wakes up slightly to correct« the person of a habit ». And when we start to do something unusual to us it is difficult as raise internal pressure, uncertainty, fear, doubt etc.
Only the requirement «on the verge of pleasant» generates real pleasure. The excessive requirement, as a rule, promotes fear occurrence before it. It can lead to that the person starts to be afraid of efforts in general. That is why it is necessary to aspire to that every time the effort was on the verge of pleasant. Only in that case when the effort comes to the end with pleasure, there is an ability development to make this effort.
Self-improvement should not be process of violence over self, it should be based on a nonviolence paradigm. Only in this case the given process will be directed on pleasure and pleasure reception.
Then it is easy to person to make something (to write the book to prepare the task to satisfy someone's request, etc.) when it is not necessary to force itself or compulsion is so weak, that becomes imperceptible in comparison with pleasure received from business. When I am possible to replace «should», «I am obliged» on «To me it interestingly to do», «I would like it», the person will execute any action with pleasure and sensation of happiness.
The person is that he thinks of itself(himself), i.e. depending on what "thoughts-indicators" seize the person, the person is that also.
Really, if we think of happiness, we feel happy; if we are visited by sad thoughts, we long; if at our thoughts there is a fear, we are afraid; if we think of illnesses, quite probably, that we will be ill; if we think of failures, in something for certain we will come to grief... In other words, in most cases we are that we think of themselves.
The image of thought is capable to generate a way of life. Here the major principle of reflexion is realised: «the similar gives rise similar». It means, that that "has settled down" in subconsciousness it is materialised in consciousness and behaviour of the person. Really, practice confirms, that the person is capable to rise, win, achieve success, only having ennobled the thoughts. Not casually in this occasion known saying says: «Tell to me, that you think, and I will tell, who you!»
As the person thinks, the result is that also. If mentally to reproduce a picture of adverse result it will start to seem more and more real. After a while automatically arise and corresponding emotions: fear, trouble, despair which result of own imagination is. It once again confirms position that as the person thinks, the result is that also!
The person pleases in a life not that it surrounds, and its relation to the surrounding. It means, that "quality" of a life of each of us is defined not by an objective situation, and our subjective relation to it, i.e. how we react to this situation.
Very often to the person difficultly happens to realise, that the fact (something objective) can be reflected in its consciousness in the form of its various opinions concerning this fact. For example, the person does not have money to buy the new car, is objectively, it is the fact, and here the statement: «There is no money for the car, and I cannot be happy» is only opinion, i.e. subjective perception of this fact, it can be and another: «it is very good - will not steal», «it is perfect - I will easy sleep at night», etc. the Choice - for the person.
Really, people are pleased not with events, and their relation to these events. The relation, from the point of view of a psychological explanation, is subjective, selective, estimated, to a certain extent a biased approach to an objective reality. The generated relation of the person to something is capable to execute specific function of a magnet, i.e. to draw to itself various events - as positive (good luck, success, etc.), and negative (defeat, failure, misfortune, etc.).
Let's give an example that, in what negative experiences of fear can be materialised. The internal fear, threat experience force the person to defend, they prevent to live normally, correctly to be guided in a life, as a result do the person by a potential victim of own fears. Fear of a mutilation, loss, illness at times so seizes imagination of the person, that it subconsciously (despite efforts of will) reaches for object of fear. The feeling of fear puts in action the biochemical mechanism of stress. The fear influences and all muscles, leading to their constraint and constraint, it discomposes brain hemispheres, as breaks, in turn, coordination and capacity of all organism. Thus, force of fear-in the fear. And if to replace fear with positive substances (a self-trust, healthy passion, optimism, etc.) That and our thoughts, experiences, feelings will turn in some kind of a positive magnet which will strengthen job of will and will allure good luck and success.
Thus, bad or good the person does events in own thoughts by means of formation of the certain relation to these events.
The relation to the surrounding validity forms a movement orientation of "the ship of own life». The relation can be compared to a wheel of our vital ship on which we float at validity ocean. On a wheel orientation will depend, where our ship will float: or to sunrise (to success, prosperity, happiness), or to its decline (to suffering, failure, disappointment). The wheel, as is known, copes with the help of a steering wheel of a vessel, a steering wheel is our subconsciousness, more precisely, those emotions and feelings which in him dominate. If on own captain's bridge there is a person (instead of someone another) and if he operates a steering wheel (the subconsciousness), it by right is the helmsman of the own ship.
Wise people define the necessary mood meaningly, in time using «the control button» in the form of the conscious thought directed on replacement from subconsciousness of negative "thoughts-indicators" and search of the moments of a life, connected exclusively with positive experiences.
The one who knows is wise not, and the one who is able. It concerns including abilities to think with light categories. Really, the nobility - does not mean yet to be able. It is necessary to realise knowledge in practice, to transform it into skills, to generate a habit in each stream of good and harm. Good and bad to prefer the positive. The habit represents automatic reception of reaction without reflexions and strong-willed efforts. The habit to think joyful, light categories is based, as practice shows, on aspiration in all to search and find good, constantly to cultivate positive thoughts, more friendly to concern people, deliberately to prefer light thoughts, to arrive as if success is inevitable. That the habit to be the is cheerful-succeeding person has been generated, psychologists recommend to try to live by these rules, at least, twenty one day, and only in this case the person will test a special psychological condition - a certain condition of hopelessness for success.
Follow an example in a life a sundial, i.e. keep count only light, only joyful, only to sunny days of the life.
It is necessary to do it at least because our life is not those days that there have passed, and those days that were remembered. It means, that it is necessary to remember, store and recall only those events which did us by is cheerful-succeeding and happy people.
Is conscious operate mechanisms of own mentality the wise person as only he can realise, that in his hands the considerable control not over an objective reality, and over the reaction to this reality, to concrete vital situations can only.
Who in that case this person: the actor or the director of own life? We will not impose in this case the answer to the brought attention to the question for it is not necessary to forget that it is impossible to learn to true as everyone reaches true!
Proceeding from read in the given section, formulate for itself the most significant positions. It is the extremely important for making, if you really wish to master successfully the received knowledge for the purpose of application in practice.
Any habit should not choke violent by. It means, that for disposal of an undesirable habit it is necessary to change itself so that to want useful, instead of harmful or dangerous. For example, for all the habit to "put off" is known. It is necessary to realise accurately, that it cannot be eliminated compulsorily. It will be possible to cope with a habit to postpone this or that business only when this business is pleasant to us. And it also is a nonviolent way of change of "the person of a habit».
Roughly suppressing negative habits, we risk to increase their force. When we combat harm, difficultly happens to refrain from violence though it and is counter-indicative. The more we would like to weaken force of a habit, the the smaller effort should be made over ourselves that it to eliminate. Determination to change itself to (operate) very often it is raised by violent self-control. As the main justification at unwillingness to change to the best many put an argument that «self-improvement I do not wish to increase difficulty of the life». They once again confirm with it, as it is difficult to change to "the person of a habit» and that any such change is the extremely painful. However the majority of people happens is compelled to change the habits only at threat to their well-being or a life. Someone undertakes the improvement only after a heart attack, having appeared on the verge of a life and death. Someone starts to train and reaches certain heights in sports to take itself from infinite abyss of champion race. Someone stops to smoke because of fear of amputation of a foot. Other examples too confirm, that many dare to change themselves only in need of disposal of sufferings, and it and is a violent paradigm of self-improvement.
The effort necessary for execution of any action, is defined by force of motivation. The motivation is that calls activity, induces the person to action. Experts confirm, that the more strongly the motivation, the is required efforts to definition of the purposes, activity maintenance according to the purpose less, on opposition to hindrances and attempts to stop activity under the influence of weariness and other reasons.
Thus, the more strongly energy of motivation, the it is necessary to put efforts less, the more strongly desire something to make, the «the person of will» is to a lesser degree involved. The motivation of activity decreases, when the purposes are defined by someone from the party. In those cases when the purposes are defined by someone another, we always feel necessity, that considerably reduces motivation of activity. If the person himself defines the activity purposes it is easier to it to execute it as they grow out of the free decision. That is why, that it was easy to make something, voluntariness is necessary. It is easy to do habitual business as all power of "the person of a habit» thus joins that allows to release an energy large quantity without special effort. « The person of will »in this case as though dozes and only sometimes wakes up slightly to correct« the person of a habit ». And when we start to do something unusual to us it is difficult as raise internal pressure, uncertainty, fear, doubt etc.
Only the requirement «on the verge of pleasant» generates real pleasure. The excessive requirement, as a rule, promotes fear occurrence before it. It can lead to that the person starts to be afraid of efforts in general. That is why it is necessary to aspire to that every time the effort was on the verge of pleasant. Only in that case when the effort comes to the end with pleasure, there is an ability development to make this effort.
Self-improvement should not be process of violence over self, it should be based on a nonviolence paradigm. Only in this case the given process will be directed on pleasure and pleasure reception.
Then it is easy to person to make something (to write the book to prepare the task to satisfy someone's request, etc.) when it is not necessary to force itself or compulsion is so weak, that becomes imperceptible in comparison with pleasure received from business. When I am possible to replace «should», «I am obliged» on «To me it interestingly to do», «I would like it», the person will execute any action with pleasure and sensation of happiness.
The person is that he thinks of itself(himself), i.e. depending on what "thoughts-indicators" seize the person, the person is that also.
Really, if we think of happiness, we feel happy; if we are visited by sad thoughts, we long; if at our thoughts there is a fear, we are afraid; if we think of illnesses, quite probably, that we will be ill; if we think of failures, in something for certain we will come to grief... In other words, in most cases we are that we think of themselves.
The image of thought is capable to generate a way of life. Here the major principle of reflexion is realised: «the similar gives rise similar». It means, that that "has settled down" in subconsciousness it is materialised in consciousness and behaviour of the person. Really, practice confirms, that the person is capable to rise, win, achieve success, only having ennobled the thoughts. Not casually in this occasion known saying says: «Tell to me, that you think, and I will tell, who you!»
As the person thinks, the result is that also. If mentally to reproduce a picture of adverse result it will start to seem more and more real. After a while automatically arise and corresponding emotions: fear, trouble, despair which result of own imagination is. It once again confirms position that as the person thinks, the result is that also!
The person pleases in a life not that it surrounds, and its relation to the surrounding. It means, that "quality" of a life of each of us is defined not by an objective situation, and our subjective relation to it, i.e. how we react to this situation.
Very often to the person difficultly happens to realise, that the fact (something objective) can be reflected in its consciousness in the form of its various opinions concerning this fact. For example, the person does not have money to buy the new car, is objectively, it is the fact, and here the statement: «There is no money for the car, and I cannot be happy» is only opinion, i.e. subjective perception of this fact, it can be and another: «it is very good - will not steal», «it is perfect - I will easy sleep at night», etc. the Choice - for the person.
Really, people are pleased not with events, and their relation to these events. The relation, from the point of view of a psychological explanation, is subjective, selective, estimated, to a certain extent a biased approach to an objective reality. The generated relation of the person to something is capable to execute specific function of a magnet, i.e. to draw to itself various events - as positive (good luck, success, etc.), and negative (defeat, failure, misfortune, etc.).
Let's give an example that, in what negative experiences of fear can be materialised. The internal fear, threat experience force the person to defend, they prevent to live normally, correctly to be guided in a life, as a result do the person by a potential victim of own fears. Fear of a mutilation, loss, illness at times so seizes imagination of the person, that it subconsciously (despite efforts of will) reaches for object of fear. The feeling of fear puts in action the biochemical mechanism of stress. The fear influences and all muscles, leading to their constraint and constraint, it discomposes brain hemispheres, as breaks, in turn, coordination and capacity of all organism. Thus, force of fear-in the fear. And if to replace fear with positive substances (a self-trust, healthy passion, optimism, etc.) That and our thoughts, experiences, feelings will turn in some kind of a positive magnet which will strengthen job of will and will allure good luck and success.
Thus, bad or good the person does events in own thoughts by means of formation of the certain relation to these events.
The relation to the surrounding validity forms a movement orientation of "the ship of own life». The relation can be compared to a wheel of our vital ship on which we float at validity ocean. On a wheel orientation will depend, where our ship will float: or to sunrise (to success, prosperity, happiness), or to its decline (to suffering, failure, disappointment). The wheel, as is known, copes with the help of a steering wheel of a vessel, a steering wheel is our subconsciousness, more precisely, those emotions and feelings which in him dominate. If on own captain's bridge there is a person (instead of someone another) and if he operates a steering wheel (the subconsciousness), it by right is the helmsman of the own ship.
Wise people define the necessary mood meaningly, in time using «the control button» in the form of the conscious thought directed on replacement from subconsciousness of negative "thoughts-indicators" and search of the moments of a life, connected exclusively with positive experiences.
The one who knows is wise not, and the one who is able. It concerns including abilities to think with light categories. Really, the nobility - does not mean yet to be able. It is necessary to realise knowledge in practice, to transform it into skills, to generate a habit in each stream of good and harm. Good and bad to prefer the positive. The habit represents automatic reception of reaction without reflexions and strong-willed efforts. The habit to think joyful, light categories is based, as practice shows, on aspiration in all to search and find good, constantly to cultivate positive thoughts, more friendly to concern people, deliberately to prefer light thoughts, to arrive as if success is inevitable. That the habit to be the is cheerful-succeeding person has been generated, psychologists recommend to try to live by these rules, at least, twenty one day, and only in this case the person will test a special psychological condition - a certain condition of hopelessness for success.
Follow an example in a life a sundial, i.e. keep count only light, only joyful, only to sunny days of the life.
It is necessary to do it at least because our life is not those days that there have passed, and those days that were remembered. It means, that it is necessary to remember, store and recall only those events which did us by is cheerful-succeeding and happy people.
Is conscious operate mechanisms of own mentality the wise person as only he can realise, that in his hands the considerable control not over an objective reality, and over the reaction to this reality, to concrete vital situations can only.
Who in that case this person: the actor or the director of own life? We will not impose in this case the answer to the brought attention to the question for it is not necessary to forget that it is impossible to learn to true as everyone reaches true!
Proceeding from read in the given section, formulate for itself the most significant positions. It is the extremely important for making, if you really wish to master successfully the received knowledge for the purpose of application in practice.
The director of own life.
In us there lives «the person of a habit» and «the person of will». Each of us to some extent is «the person of a habit» or «the person of will». On the one hand, habits facilitate our life, and with another - complicate it. «The person of a habit» automatically makes not only intellectual operations, but also social, in many cases and physiological. For example, I do not think: «Here now I need to allocate adrenaline and sugar as they will be useful to me for metabolism strengthening if business ends in a fight»; business is much easier. It is enough me to be adjusted on fight, «as the person of a habit» will perform the job on mobilisation of all immune system. These "habits" of physiological and biochemical levels developed during millions of years of evolution, have allowed the person to improve this ancient mechanism of a survival.
Display of "the person of will» is ability to do that is necessary. However «the person of will» who sits in us, can represent silly force which can force «the person of a habit», or clever force which can operate it. It in many respects depends on the got ability to operate the mind, to supervise movement of own images.
«The person of will» subordinates «the person of a habit» through knowledge. To subordinate a habit, it is necessary, at least:
* first to learn to operate certain stimulus-images (starting images). Any habitual action is usually automatically called by image-stimulus (seeing a smile - we smile in the answer; the football driven to feet calls desire to strike on it; the cigarette kind calls the smoker desire to light, etc.). That is why wishing to develop a habit should first of all be able to develop images-stimulus to action;
* secondly to be guided by a rule: prompting to action should be anticipated by satisfaction it. Any action does not arise in itself, and, as is known, always has a definite purpose and gives certain satisfaction. The anticipation of this satisfaction also is that necessary element creating prompting to action;
* thirdly to learn to co-ordinate functioning elements of action. Any action can be regulated meaningly. The given process becomes a habit only in that case when it not will automatically repeat so much, how much to be realised functionally.
Thus, conscious mastering by the mental mechanisms set forth above will promote habit development, its gradual submission to consciousness and will. It means, that «the person of will» subordinates «the person of a habit» through knowledge. That is why the knowledge also is force.
To make a habit conscious - means to learn to operate it. When we do not realise a habit she as though does not submit to us and works in itself, but through us. So any habits - both good and bad, and mental mechanisms of development of those and others - identical function.
The actions based on knowledge, always are more effective. It is correct, because they (the actions based on knowledge) much faster turn to skill. That is why, when it is necessary to develop at itself useful habits, first of all it is necessary to know: as ordinary actions turn at first to skill, and then and in a habit. Besides, more effectively to train itself in certain desirable actions and to transform (at desire) them in a habit, it is necessary to know deeply at least training organic laws.
Basis obuchenijachemu-or are experiences. By psychologists it is established, that any experience does not pass completely. At experience there is an information coding in long-term memory by means of certain molecular changes in a brain. Thanks to it in memory practically the information connected with that or other strong experience forever registers. Thus, for obuchenijachemu-or there should be an experience (i.e. the emotionally-sensual sphere of the person should be involved). In cases of pleasant experience images are filled with the same pleasant feelings, at unpleasant experiences - negative: disgust, alarm, trouble. After all it is correct, that we are indifferent to a drill, but only before the first visit to the dentist.
To eliminate skill, it is necessary to seize a method of its repayment. To study in something it is easy, to be retrained much more difficult. We will try to understand it on several acquaintances to us since the childhood examples - original paradoxes of a life. How to explain, for example, what, once having learnt to float, we never forget how it becomes? And why, having studied foreign language, we can forget it very quickly? Many are convinced, what is it occurs because, that the material does not repeat. Than then to explain that fact, what many images of the childhood are saved for all life though we never repeat them? And on the contrary, repeating repeatedly some information, we are inclined to forget it. To explain these paradoxes it is possible psychologically. Experts made the following experiment. Two rats have been trained to press the lever to receive food. This skill at both became identical. Then one of rats has been placed in other cage, and at remained in a former cage have disconnected the lever, i.e. by pressing the food did not appear. Psychologists have waited, that at both rats reaction of pressing of the lever in a hunger condition has completely disappeared. Animals thus continued to feed usually. Then the first rat have returned in a former cage with the lever. The rat, all time sitting in it, did not aspire to use the lever, this skill at it has disappeared. However the come back rat indifferently has used it, i.e. this skill at it was saved. Skill non-use in this case experts have named its repayments, and process has been named by repayment.
Repayment is understood as situation repetition in which there was a learning, but without an emotional reinforcement. From here follows, that for habit disappearance it is necessary to create the repayment scheme, i.e. to reproduce a situation of training without the major element - corresponding experience. It is already easy to explain, why images of the childhood are saved in memory for a long time, - because children's situations so, and the repayment scheme does not work do not repeat. Every time when we float, does not arise situations of negative fastening of this skill as swimming we fix positive experiences, and it stirs possibilities of repayment of the given skill. We forget foreign languages because the repayment scheme is objectively created: in daily dialogue we speak Russian, and necessity for foreign dialogue disappears. Foreign skills are repaid literally in each certificate of conversation, they are not fixed in speech behaviour by certain semantic experiences. To return this lost skill, it is necessary to join again in a real situation from conversation on a foreign language and corresponding experiences.
Thus, in a situation of elimination of any skill repayment laws operate. Having learnt them, it is possible to seize ability to neutralise practically any skill.
Negative habits will be eliminated, if we cease to receive from them pleasure. Elimination of bad habits always is a part of job on management of desires. Only receiving displeasure from actions of a negative habit, it is possible to get rid of it. The negative habit will die away, if is not poured by energy of positive feeling and satisfaction.
Struggle against unnecessary habits consists not in violence over them or by itself, and in creating a situation of repayment of a negative habit under the influence of the unpleasant feelings generated by it. This idea is simple, but as psychotherapeutic practice shows, its realisation is inconvenient to the person as, first, process of disposal of a negative habit turns for many to struggle against it, and it already violence, so, result as a result of, as a rule, zero. And secondly, getting rid of bad habits, we have not time to think thoroughly over that, their what good habits to replace.
To operate a habit - means to operate the experiences connected with it.
Negative habits should to be suppressed, it is necessary to get rid of them. Any action which the pleasure gives, can arise spontaneously, even under the influence of the weak impulses generating this pleasure.
It is not necessary to forget, that the law of origin of good and bad habits is identical is a pleasure which generates action of this or that habit. Therefore management of processes of origin and development of habits is reduced to management of the experiences connected with actions of a concrete habit.
Each of us to some extent and «the physiological person», and «the person of a habit», and «the person of will».
Hierarchy in each of us of levels of these "people" is shown that «the person of a habit» has higher level, than «the physiological person», and «the person of will» on the importance and force costs above «the person of a habit». It is necessary to train each of them the methods. «The person of a habit» is formed in huge degree under training laws and if this process not to operate he is capable to win «the person of will». It will be possible because it - in the union with physiology. And «the physiological person» in comparison with others - the most ancient as it was formed by means of a genetic code during an order of one and a half millions years.
Continuation follows.
Display of "the person of will» is ability to do that is necessary. However «the person of will» who sits in us, can represent silly force which can force «the person of a habit», or clever force which can operate it. It in many respects depends on the got ability to operate the mind, to supervise movement of own images.
«The person of will» subordinates «the person of a habit» through knowledge. To subordinate a habit, it is necessary, at least:
* first to learn to operate certain stimulus-images (starting images). Any habitual action is usually automatically called by image-stimulus (seeing a smile - we smile in the answer; the football driven to feet calls desire to strike on it; the cigarette kind calls the smoker desire to light, etc.). That is why wishing to develop a habit should first of all be able to develop images-stimulus to action;
* secondly to be guided by a rule: prompting to action should be anticipated by satisfaction it. Any action does not arise in itself, and, as is known, always has a definite purpose and gives certain satisfaction. The anticipation of this satisfaction also is that necessary element creating prompting to action;
* thirdly to learn to co-ordinate functioning elements of action. Any action can be regulated meaningly. The given process becomes a habit only in that case when it not will automatically repeat so much, how much to be realised functionally.
Thus, conscious mastering by the mental mechanisms set forth above will promote habit development, its gradual submission to consciousness and will. It means, that «the person of will» subordinates «the person of a habit» through knowledge. That is why the knowledge also is force.
To make a habit conscious - means to learn to operate it. When we do not realise a habit she as though does not submit to us and works in itself, but through us. So any habits - both good and bad, and mental mechanisms of development of those and others - identical function.
The actions based on knowledge, always are more effective. It is correct, because they (the actions based on knowledge) much faster turn to skill. That is why, when it is necessary to develop at itself useful habits, first of all it is necessary to know: as ordinary actions turn at first to skill, and then and in a habit. Besides, more effectively to train itself in certain desirable actions and to transform (at desire) them in a habit, it is necessary to know deeply at least training organic laws.
Basis obuchenijachemu-or are experiences. By psychologists it is established, that any experience does not pass completely. At experience there is an information coding in long-term memory by means of certain molecular changes in a brain. Thanks to it in memory practically the information connected with that or other strong experience forever registers. Thus, for obuchenijachemu-or there should be an experience (i.e. the emotionally-sensual sphere of the person should be involved). In cases of pleasant experience images are filled with the same pleasant feelings, at unpleasant experiences - negative: disgust, alarm, trouble. After all it is correct, that we are indifferent to a drill, but only before the first visit to the dentist.
To eliminate skill, it is necessary to seize a method of its repayment. To study in something it is easy, to be retrained much more difficult. We will try to understand it on several acquaintances to us since the childhood examples - original paradoxes of a life. How to explain, for example, what, once having learnt to float, we never forget how it becomes? And why, having studied foreign language, we can forget it very quickly? Many are convinced, what is it occurs because, that the material does not repeat. Than then to explain that fact, what many images of the childhood are saved for all life though we never repeat them? And on the contrary, repeating repeatedly some information, we are inclined to forget it. To explain these paradoxes it is possible psychologically. Experts made the following experiment. Two rats have been trained to press the lever to receive food. This skill at both became identical. Then one of rats has been placed in other cage, and at remained in a former cage have disconnected the lever, i.e. by pressing the food did not appear. Psychologists have waited, that at both rats reaction of pressing of the lever in a hunger condition has completely disappeared. Animals thus continued to feed usually. Then the first rat have returned in a former cage with the lever. The rat, all time sitting in it, did not aspire to use the lever, this skill at it has disappeared. However the come back rat indifferently has used it, i.e. this skill at it was saved. Skill non-use in this case experts have named its repayments, and process has been named by repayment.
Repayment is understood as situation repetition in which there was a learning, but without an emotional reinforcement. From here follows, that for habit disappearance it is necessary to create the repayment scheme, i.e. to reproduce a situation of training without the major element - corresponding experience. It is already easy to explain, why images of the childhood are saved in memory for a long time, - because children's situations so, and the repayment scheme does not work do not repeat. Every time when we float, does not arise situations of negative fastening of this skill as swimming we fix positive experiences, and it stirs possibilities of repayment of the given skill. We forget foreign languages because the repayment scheme is objectively created: in daily dialogue we speak Russian, and necessity for foreign dialogue disappears. Foreign skills are repaid literally in each certificate of conversation, they are not fixed in speech behaviour by certain semantic experiences. To return this lost skill, it is necessary to join again in a real situation from conversation on a foreign language and corresponding experiences.
Thus, in a situation of elimination of any skill repayment laws operate. Having learnt them, it is possible to seize ability to neutralise practically any skill.
Negative habits will be eliminated, if we cease to receive from them pleasure. Elimination of bad habits always is a part of job on management of desires. Only receiving displeasure from actions of a negative habit, it is possible to get rid of it. The negative habit will die away, if is not poured by energy of positive feeling and satisfaction.
Struggle against unnecessary habits consists not in violence over them or by itself, and in creating a situation of repayment of a negative habit under the influence of the unpleasant feelings generated by it. This idea is simple, but as psychotherapeutic practice shows, its realisation is inconvenient to the person as, first, process of disposal of a negative habit turns for many to struggle against it, and it already violence, so, result as a result of, as a rule, zero. And secondly, getting rid of bad habits, we have not time to think thoroughly over that, their what good habits to replace.
To operate a habit - means to operate the experiences connected with it.
Negative habits should to be suppressed, it is necessary to get rid of them. Any action which the pleasure gives, can arise spontaneously, even under the influence of the weak impulses generating this pleasure.
It is not necessary to forget, that the law of origin of good and bad habits is identical is a pleasure which generates action of this or that habit. Therefore management of processes of origin and development of habits is reduced to management of the experiences connected with actions of a concrete habit.
Each of us to some extent and «the physiological person», and «the person of a habit», and «the person of will».
Hierarchy in each of us of levels of these "people" is shown that «the person of a habit» has higher level, than «the physiological person», and «the person of will» on the importance and force costs above «the person of a habit». It is necessary to train each of them the methods. «The person of a habit» is formed in huge degree under training laws and if this process not to operate he is capable to win «the person of will». It will be possible because it - in the union with physiology. And «the physiological person» in comparison with others - the most ancient as it was formed by means of a genetic code during an order of one and a half millions years.
Continuation follows.
Monday, July 14, 2008
Plan the failures.
Sooner or later you will face failure which becomes for you serious test for durability. Your error can lead to loss of very important client for your company. Your wrong dialogue with the leading worker can force out this person. Your decision to enclose organisation resources in highly risky, but with the big prospects business can end with serious troubles.
Prevention of problems and planning of possible accidents go a hand about a hand. Weighing all possible consequences of your actions, you can avoid problems or, at least, reduce their consequences.
Do not suppose occurrence of problems
Planning of emergencies works especially well if you wish to prevent occurrence of the problems arising during public statements and presentations. We advise to unbalanced people who should act, in advance to solve as they will react to the various unpleasant moments, such as presence in audience of the person, liking to set tricky questions, breakage of technical character (for example, lag of the Internet during computer demonstration) or the annoying reservation in performance.
Overcome unforeseen circumstances
Before to start the project or to go on the thought over risk, ask the instructor or the colleague to whom you trust: «That can be the most bad?» Then add to the offered variants an own worst variant of the scenario. Now, when you to the full understand character of possible dangers, wonder: «it is good, what further?»
Having done similar exercises, you can make a plan of action at occurrence of extreme situations and in advance undertake safety measures that the possible damage was minimum. Having presented, that in your life of the head there was the most awful nightmare of an administrative sort, you can in advance and easy when you have enough time, to predict the actions.
The best way to avoid problem occurrence - carefully all to plan: the less than place you leave to accident occurrence, the it will be easier to cope to you with any possible surprises which at such approach any more will not be for you too unexpected.
The correct person, correct job
Developing strategy for each worst case, you get confidence of the forces. You approach to a problem easy, knowing, that even if there will be any failures, they will not distract you from an ultimate goal.
The plan of action at occurrence of unforeseen events also is justified when you operate the personnel. Though you define for each operation of the employee, to the greatest degree to it corresponding, always there is a probability of occurrence of defects. It, as a rule, happens, when the manager advances employees on official positions for which they do not have not enough skills, knowledge or preparation. And without them it is impossible to become successful. Having developed the plan on a case when the employee stumbles on a new post (for example, having distributed a circle of duties of one person between two employees or having passed a part of difficult duties to external structure), the manager will be more confident to feel in not planned circumstances.
Along with planning of actions on a case of unforeseen situations, the clever manager can specially allocate time to work with the employee, which have just appointed to higher post to bring him up to date.
The managers, constantly facing problems, it is not simple losers. In most cases they bear the basic share of responsibility for it.
You become a magnet of troubles, if at you bad communication skills and abilities. Too long, too loud or too sharp conversations also can affect negatively your relations with colleagues and subordinates. Protect itself from failures of this sort, having tried to get rid of three communication traps (are allocated in frameworks).
Impulsiveness
Here four most important words which will help you to prevent occurrence of interpersonal problems: at first think, then speak. Instead of at once spreading everything, that has come to you "to a head, think, in what it can result. Before you will express sharply, imagine a situation in 5 minutes. What direction was accepted now by conversation? Whether both parties positively react to it? That you have told now, becomes an occasion to the subsequent words, therefore be convinced, that your statements work for the blessing and help achievement of an object in view by you.
Do not create problems, interrupting speaking on the offer middle, especially if you start to speak something which are not concerning the basic theme of conversation. Allow to the person to finish a phrase, and then wait it is a little more. At the expense of a pause you as though give a signal to another, that are not going to to anybody to impose the opinion.
Hasty operating managers can wrongly accept impulsiveness for resoluteness. They believe, that it it is necessary operatively and to make vigorously of the decision, to give estimations and to define a situation instantly, therefore all the day long they quickly move on office, giving one behind another orders and orders. Certainly, resoluteness demonstration if you have enough the facts allowing you quickly to come to a substantiated conclusion, is quite possible. But know, that you are too impulsive, if speak or operate, not weighing the future consequences of your words and acts.
Before you will begin the important conversation in which course there can be problems, set to yourself following questions:
* That it is necessary for me to learn from this person?
* I should set What questions? (Make the list of these questions that you have forgotten nothing!)
* On what basis of assumptions I will have this conversation?
* As I can check up accuracy of what I have heard?
Approval reception
If you constantly try to meet with approval from others thereby you inform them, that they wish to hear, instead of that it is necessary for them to know. And it serves very much as a fertile field for occurrence of problems.
Clever managers leave arising conflicts without "holes", operating fairly and is thin. They care of that them liked less, and try more, that to them trusted. Ask them, that underlies their dialogue with the employee, and they will tell: «I wish to achieve mutual respect», instead of «I want, that we became friends».
Would be naive to believe, that your personnel will approve all your actions and decisions. It is excluded. Even most your best intentions will be exposed from time to time to the sharp criticism. But while you will direct attention of each employee to achievement of overall aims and to inform, how it is possible to achieve them, you will enhance the responsibility each person for its actions and to a lesser degree to think of that, how much your instructions are accepted or criticised by subordinates
Prevention of problems and planning of possible accidents go a hand about a hand. Weighing all possible consequences of your actions, you can avoid problems or, at least, reduce their consequences.
Do not suppose occurrence of problems
Planning of emergencies works especially well if you wish to prevent occurrence of the problems arising during public statements and presentations. We advise to unbalanced people who should act, in advance to solve as they will react to the various unpleasant moments, such as presence in audience of the person, liking to set tricky questions, breakage of technical character (for example, lag of the Internet during computer demonstration) or the annoying reservation in performance.
Overcome unforeseen circumstances
Before to start the project or to go on the thought over risk, ask the instructor or the colleague to whom you trust: «That can be the most bad?» Then add to the offered variants an own worst variant of the scenario. Now, when you to the full understand character of possible dangers, wonder: «it is good, what further?»
Having done similar exercises, you can make a plan of action at occurrence of extreme situations and in advance undertake safety measures that the possible damage was minimum. Having presented, that in your life of the head there was the most awful nightmare of an administrative sort, you can in advance and easy when you have enough time, to predict the actions.
The best way to avoid problem occurrence - carefully all to plan: the less than place you leave to accident occurrence, the it will be easier to cope to you with any possible surprises which at such approach any more will not be for you too unexpected.
The correct person, correct job
Developing strategy for each worst case, you get confidence of the forces. You approach to a problem easy, knowing, that even if there will be any failures, they will not distract you from an ultimate goal.
The plan of action at occurrence of unforeseen events also is justified when you operate the personnel. Though you define for each operation of the employee, to the greatest degree to it corresponding, always there is a probability of occurrence of defects. It, as a rule, happens, when the manager advances employees on official positions for which they do not have not enough skills, knowledge or preparation. And without them it is impossible to become successful. Having developed the plan on a case when the employee stumbles on a new post (for example, having distributed a circle of duties of one person between two employees or having passed a part of difficult duties to external structure), the manager will be more confident to feel in not planned circumstances.
Along with planning of actions on a case of unforeseen situations, the clever manager can specially allocate time to work with the employee, which have just appointed to higher post to bring him up to date.
The managers, constantly facing problems, it is not simple losers. In most cases they bear the basic share of responsibility for it.
You become a magnet of troubles, if at you bad communication skills and abilities. Too long, too loud or too sharp conversations also can affect negatively your relations with colleagues and subordinates. Protect itself from failures of this sort, having tried to get rid of three communication traps (are allocated in frameworks).
Impulsiveness
Here four most important words which will help you to prevent occurrence of interpersonal problems: at first think, then speak. Instead of at once spreading everything, that has come to you "to a head, think, in what it can result. Before you will express sharply, imagine a situation in 5 minutes. What direction was accepted now by conversation? Whether both parties positively react to it? That you have told now, becomes an occasion to the subsequent words, therefore be convinced, that your statements work for the blessing and help achievement of an object in view by you.
Do not create problems, interrupting speaking on the offer middle, especially if you start to speak something which are not concerning the basic theme of conversation. Allow to the person to finish a phrase, and then wait it is a little more. At the expense of a pause you as though give a signal to another, that are not going to to anybody to impose the opinion.
Hasty operating managers can wrongly accept impulsiveness for resoluteness. They believe, that it it is necessary operatively and to make vigorously of the decision, to give estimations and to define a situation instantly, therefore all the day long they quickly move on office, giving one behind another orders and orders. Certainly, resoluteness demonstration if you have enough the facts allowing you quickly to come to a substantiated conclusion, is quite possible. But know, that you are too impulsive, if speak or operate, not weighing the future consequences of your words and acts.
Before you will begin the important conversation in which course there can be problems, set to yourself following questions:
* That it is necessary for me to learn from this person?
* I should set What questions? (Make the list of these questions that you have forgotten nothing!)
* On what basis of assumptions I will have this conversation?
* As I can check up accuracy of what I have heard?
Approval reception
If you constantly try to meet with approval from others thereby you inform them, that they wish to hear, instead of that it is necessary for them to know. And it serves very much as a fertile field for occurrence of problems.
Clever managers leave arising conflicts without "holes", operating fairly and is thin. They care of that them liked less, and try more, that to them trusted. Ask them, that underlies their dialogue with the employee, and they will tell: «I wish to achieve mutual respect», instead of «I want, that we became friends».
Would be naive to believe, that your personnel will approve all your actions and decisions. It is excluded. Even most your best intentions will be exposed from time to time to the sharp criticism. But while you will direct attention of each employee to achievement of overall aims and to inform, how it is possible to achieve them, you will enhance the responsibility each person for its actions and to a lesser degree to think of that, how much your instructions are accepted or criticised by subordinates
Sunday, July 13, 2008
Praise to nonsense 3.
8. Trust, but check
We are mistaken where more often, than it seems to us, especially if we are absolutely assured of the correctness.
So often, that sociologists even have put into circulation the new term - a superconfidence syndrome - and have illustrated its action on set of examples. They set to people some question, and then asked respondents to estimate degree of their confidence of each of answers from 0 (is not assured) to 100 % absolutely assured).
What has occurred?
15 % of all answers of which respondents have been absolutely assured, have appeared wrong. So, as though you have been assured in something, in 15 % cases you are mistaken.
Results of this research can find at least three important applications for those who is engaged in planning. First, try to consider this 15 %-s' error in the business, reveal those areas where errors are constantly committed, and correct them.
The second, always call into question all decisions. Even if you are absolutely assured, you are not right more often.
And at last, do not allow another to influence the decisions and do not accept the point of view of the one who is assured more than others. Many people use confidence as belief means because they aspire to an individual victory. Some of them can be fair in the opinions, but honesty is completely not identical to correctness.
If you or someone in something is completely confident, call it into question.
9. Avoid perfection
Better a titmouse in hands, than a crane in the sky. We will reflect, whether probably all to us to agree and strictly to define, what there is "best"? What is the time will occupy discussions?
Even if possibility to agree exists, what is the time it is required to finish business and to receive this "best"? Whether probably in general quickly and effectively to reach it?
Business planning usually submits to "the Rule of the beginning of business»: all will manage twice more expensively and will demand twice the big time expenses, than it was expected. Whether you can dare to spend so much time and money?
Whether you are ready to offer something in other areas - a working environment, productivity, speed of delivery, - to reach the highest results in one?
Whether actual and potential clients will apprehend these efforts the same as also you? Whether it Is pleasant to them? Whether all is equal to them? The given change is how much important for them?
Aspire to excellent result, but not to perfection.
Skill wins perfection.
10. Be careful of common sense
One of heads entering into the list «Fortune 500» the companies somehow has come out with the assumption that in marketing there is nothing difficult for he leans against common sense.
But what such "common sense"? Albert Einstein has made once such definition: «the Common sense is a set of biases which we get on reaching eighteen years». Historian Barbara Tachman (Barbara Tuchman) has devoted to the story about searches of the answer to this question the whole book. In the work under the name «The March of Folly» («a recklessness March») it has described five legendary nonsenses, switching on and delivery to not numerous group of Spaniards of army Montesuma, and the Grecian horse.
The common sense is capable to save you from some errors. But on what it precisely is not capable, so it of inspiring you on break. The common sense has no relation to great marketing innovations: neither to commodity checks, nor to addressing depositary certificates, to delivery of parcels for one night, to a vodka advertising campaign «Absolut».
They were created by sudden inspirations, imagination splashes.
The common sense can be useful, but breaks demand imagination.
We are mistaken where more often, than it seems to us, especially if we are absolutely assured of the correctness.
So often, that sociologists even have put into circulation the new term - a superconfidence syndrome - and have illustrated its action on set of examples. They set to people some question, and then asked respondents to estimate degree of their confidence of each of answers from 0 (is not assured) to 100 % absolutely assured).
What has occurred?
15 % of all answers of which respondents have been absolutely assured, have appeared wrong. So, as though you have been assured in something, in 15 % cases you are mistaken.
Results of this research can find at least three important applications for those who is engaged in planning. First, try to consider this 15 %-s' error in the business, reveal those areas where errors are constantly committed, and correct them.
The second, always call into question all decisions. Even if you are absolutely assured, you are not right more often.
And at last, do not allow another to influence the decisions and do not accept the point of view of the one who is assured more than others. Many people use confidence as belief means because they aspire to an individual victory. Some of them can be fair in the opinions, but honesty is completely not identical to correctness.
If you or someone in something is completely confident, call it into question.
9. Avoid perfection
Better a titmouse in hands, than a crane in the sky. We will reflect, whether probably all to us to agree and strictly to define, what there is "best"? What is the time will occupy discussions?
Even if possibility to agree exists, what is the time it is required to finish business and to receive this "best"? Whether probably in general quickly and effectively to reach it?
Business planning usually submits to "the Rule of the beginning of business»: all will manage twice more expensively and will demand twice the big time expenses, than it was expected. Whether you can dare to spend so much time and money?
Whether you are ready to offer something in other areas - a working environment, productivity, speed of delivery, - to reach the highest results in one?
Whether actual and potential clients will apprehend these efforts the same as also you? Whether it Is pleasant to them? Whether all is equal to them? The given change is how much important for them?
Aspire to excellent result, but not to perfection.
Skill wins perfection.
10. Be careful of common sense
One of heads entering into the list «Fortune 500» the companies somehow has come out with the assumption that in marketing there is nothing difficult for he leans against common sense.
But what such "common sense"? Albert Einstein has made once such definition: «the Common sense is a set of biases which we get on reaching eighteen years». Historian Barbara Tachman (Barbara Tuchman) has devoted to the story about searches of the answer to this question the whole book. In the work under the name «The March of Folly» («a recklessness March») it has described five legendary nonsenses, switching on and delivery to not numerous group of Spaniards of army Montesuma, and the Grecian horse.
The common sense is capable to save you from some errors. But on what it precisely is not capable, so it of inspiring you on break. The common sense has no relation to great marketing innovations: neither to commodity checks, nor to addressing depositary certificates, to delivery of parcels for one night, to a vodka advertising campaign «Absolut».
They were created by sudden inspirations, imagination splashes.
The common sense can be useful, but breaks demand imagination.
Praise to nonsense 2.
3. Yes nonsenses are well
Translucent, colours of ripe grapes the house computer? For what?
To land dozen people on it is artificial the created desert island to see, who from them will sustain intense rivalry and becomes «last hero»? Really millions will wish to watch their struggle on the TV? Be such cannot.
To give $3,75 for a coffee cup? It is frivolous.
People like novelties and something especial. Why? Because it forces them to feel more progressive, brings novelty aspects in their lives. One only that you have offered something revolutionary that to you did not manage to make anybody, allows to make a huge step forward.
Be not afraid to do nonsense.
4. Resist to the power
Let's collect in one room eight persons and we will look, what will occur? Command will be incurred by alpha leaders.
In summary ideas introduced in your company are not result of synthesis of offers of all employees, and proceed from the alpha leaders existing in any to a cell of creations, which "mission" - capture and power deduction.
Whether but "alphas" possess creative or strategic thinking? By no means unessentially. They are created for the power. In the majority they only look the most powerful. As practice, the "more long" growth the graduate of business school, the above its initial salary shows.
If you belong to "Alpha" "family", study to show restraint.
Listening to "power" words, you are anyhow focused on the past, that has once allowed to become successful. But it is far not all successful "medicines" in the past save the validity and today. So, buyers can be extremely dissatisfied. If you have followed the tastes of the power, you risk only to repeat the last scenario and to lose the clients.
Call in question the power (silently).
5. Not too trust experts
There is one remarkable joke concerning qualification of economists: «Experts in the field of economy have successfully predicted thirteen of last six recessions».
Meteorologists can assure you that the probability of a rain is insignificant, while you, having looked out of a window, substitute a head under water streams.
Experts of film studio Universal predicted also a failure of "Star wars».
What does the person by the expert? Possession a considerable quantity of the information and solid experience. But in what limits? Very often we see two experts taking opposite positions almost on any question, and each of them is armed by the necessary information in support of own words.
Expert George Soros, one of the richest people in the world and the most known investor, have been so assured of crash of global capitalism that has written the book about the future accident. In two years after its issue the author was convinced, that capitalism prospers, and has declared in interview to the newspaper «New York Times», that he was mistaken.
Be careful of councils of experts. Too often experts estimate the given situation, leaning on the previous experience. But every time when we try to apply lessons which we have taken from our experience, to the decision of the problem which have risen today, apparently, in accuracy repeating once already arising, leaves nothing.
Call in question statements of experts.
6. Be careful of "science"
Very often we hear that «According to results of researches...»
Researches are not a science as that, and the majority of data in them in general about what do not speak. Researches advise more likely, offer a support on logic.
We overestimate possibilities of researches, especially if their results are expressed in concrete figures. «The majority of people prefer to have round-the-clock access to the Internet», - for us sounds unpersuasively enough. «Five of six interrogated prefer to have round-the-clock access to the Network», - it is much better. «83,3 % of respondents would like to have round-the-clock access to the Internet», - sounds for us as the statement for the come true scientific fact, as the guide to action though this statement identically previous and represents interpretation of the same research.
Do not trust researches. They allow to understand, what exactly is pleasant to consumers, only in rare instances.
7. Do not trust experience
Long years doctor Stephen Dzhej Gould (Stephen Jay Gould) carefully stored darlings to heart of memoirs on how they with the father sat on steps of the well-known tennis centre in Forest to Hilla, behind line of Manhattan in Queens. Once he walked on the old quarter and has casually seen these steps.
They conducted to a dilapidated door with the tablet «Transportations and Muller's warehousing».
We remember things which never occurred. As the proof we refer often to events which proceeded at all how we remember them.
In the book «The Seven Sins of Memory» («Seven sins of memory») Daniel Schacter on set of examples shows, how much badly we remember events occurring to us. To take at least last researches when DNA analysis has revealed, that in 90 % of cases the identification witnesses of criminals was erroneous. And it in spite of the fact that witnesses «saw all own eyes», that we are inclined to regard as the incontestable proof.
We read about a tulip fever in the Netherlands when some Dutches spread the whole conditions for the one and only bulb. To you does not come to mind a parallel with a modern securities market as the action to remind there were very strongly tulips?
And then we get acquainted with job «Famous First Bubbles» («the First well-known" a bubble "») Peter Garbera (Peter Garbef) and we learn, that «obsession tulips» was completely not such what we represented it to ourselves many years. Sudden falling of the prices for bulbs of tulips has not rendered negative influence on economy. Yes, a fantastic sum paid for them, but them are ready to give and today. One buyer who has not named has paid recently for acquisition of one bulb of $700.000. Such phenomena as a tulip fever, an orchid a fever and to it similar, were, are and will be
Our experience, like our representations about gamble on tulips, to a visual identification and memoirs about Forest to Hilla, sometimes at all is not experience. These are inventions about which we read or wrote to which we concern as the come true events
Do not trust neither to the experience, nor memory.
Continuation in a following post.
Translucent, colours of ripe grapes the house computer? For what?
To land dozen people on it is artificial the created desert island to see, who from them will sustain intense rivalry and becomes «last hero»? Really millions will wish to watch their struggle on the TV? Be such cannot.
To give $3,75 for a coffee cup? It is frivolous.
People like novelties and something especial. Why? Because it forces them to feel more progressive, brings novelty aspects in their lives. One only that you have offered something revolutionary that to you did not manage to make anybody, allows to make a huge step forward.
Be not afraid to do nonsense.
4. Resist to the power
Let's collect in one room eight persons and we will look, what will occur? Command will be incurred by alpha leaders.
In summary ideas introduced in your company are not result of synthesis of offers of all employees, and proceed from the alpha leaders existing in any to a cell of creations, which "mission" - capture and power deduction.
Whether but "alphas" possess creative or strategic thinking? By no means unessentially. They are created for the power. In the majority they only look the most powerful. As practice, the "more long" growth the graduate of business school, the above its initial salary shows.
If you belong to "Alpha" "family", study to show restraint.
Listening to "power" words, you are anyhow focused on the past, that has once allowed to become successful. But it is far not all successful "medicines" in the past save the validity and today. So, buyers can be extremely dissatisfied. If you have followed the tastes of the power, you risk only to repeat the last scenario and to lose the clients.
Call in question the power (silently).
5. Not too trust experts
There is one remarkable joke concerning qualification of economists: «Experts in the field of economy have successfully predicted thirteen of last six recessions».
Meteorologists can assure you that the probability of a rain is insignificant, while you, having looked out of a window, substitute a head under water streams.
Experts of film studio Universal predicted also a failure of "Star wars».
What does the person by the expert? Possession a considerable quantity of the information and solid experience. But in what limits? Very often we see two experts taking opposite positions almost on any question, and each of them is armed by the necessary information in support of own words.
Expert George Soros, one of the richest people in the world and the most known investor, have been so assured of crash of global capitalism that has written the book about the future accident. In two years after its issue the author was convinced, that capitalism prospers, and has declared in interview to the newspaper «New York Times», that he was mistaken.
Be careful of councils of experts. Too often experts estimate the given situation, leaning on the previous experience. But every time when we try to apply lessons which we have taken from our experience, to the decision of the problem which have risen today, apparently, in accuracy repeating once already arising, leaves nothing.
Call in question statements of experts.
6. Be careful of "science"
Very often we hear that «According to results of researches...»
Researches are not a science as that, and the majority of data in them in general about what do not speak. Researches advise more likely, offer a support on logic.
We overestimate possibilities of researches, especially if their results are expressed in concrete figures. «The majority of people prefer to have round-the-clock access to the Internet», - for us sounds unpersuasively enough. «Five of six interrogated prefer to have round-the-clock access to the Network», - it is much better. «83,3 % of respondents would like to have round-the-clock access to the Internet», - sounds for us as the statement for the come true scientific fact, as the guide to action though this statement identically previous and represents interpretation of the same research.
Do not trust researches. They allow to understand, what exactly is pleasant to consumers, only in rare instances.
7. Do not trust experience
Long years doctor Stephen Dzhej Gould (Stephen Jay Gould) carefully stored darlings to heart of memoirs on how they with the father sat on steps of the well-known tennis centre in Forest to Hilla, behind line of Manhattan in Queens. Once he walked on the old quarter and has casually seen these steps.
They conducted to a dilapidated door with the tablet «Transportations and Muller's warehousing».
We remember things which never occurred. As the proof we refer often to events which proceeded at all how we remember them.
In the book «The Seven Sins of Memory» («Seven sins of memory») Daniel Schacter on set of examples shows, how much badly we remember events occurring to us. To take at least last researches when DNA analysis has revealed, that in 90 % of cases the identification witnesses of criminals was erroneous. And it in spite of the fact that witnesses «saw all own eyes», that we are inclined to regard as the incontestable proof.
We read about a tulip fever in the Netherlands when some Dutches spread the whole conditions for the one and only bulb. To you does not come to mind a parallel with a modern securities market as the action to remind there were very strongly tulips?
And then we get acquainted with job «Famous First Bubbles» («the First well-known" a bubble "») Peter Garbera (Peter Garbef) and we learn, that «obsession tulips» was completely not such what we represented it to ourselves many years. Sudden falling of the prices for bulbs of tulips has not rendered negative influence on economy. Yes, a fantastic sum paid for them, but them are ready to give and today. One buyer who has not named has paid recently for acquisition of one bulb of $700.000. Such phenomena as a tulip fever, an orchid a fever and to it similar, were, are and will be
Our experience, like our representations about gamble on tulips, to a visual identification and memoirs about Forest to Hilla, sometimes at all is not experience. These are inventions about which we read or wrote to which we concern as the come true events
Do not trust neither to the experience, nor memory.
Continuation in a following post.
Praise to nonsense.
This article represents you perfect alternative to study on own errors: study as mine.
1. Forget about the future
Once experts asserted, that telecommunication distribution will lead to a world peace establishment, disappearance of accent at inhabitants of the American South and to basic changes in realisation of surgical operations.
And according to writer Herbert Wells, phones should lead to movement normalisation in city streets as necessity of concentration of a labour for large cities will disappear.
The inventor of phone Alexander Bell has appeared hardly probable not further all from true, after all it considered the offered novelty as the device for transfer of musical concerts.
Conversation possibility between being for thousand kilometres from each other people was already obvious, but accuracy of predictions has not raised at all. The telephone companies considered, that passing voices devices will be used only for business negotiations. And if someone would like to call the friends simply to chat? Absurdity, time waste. Such be simple cannot.
As though we got accustomed to a certain subject, we are not capable to expect its future precisely.
It is not necessary to adhere your planning to assumptions of the possible future as the death and taxes are inevitable only. Leave all assumptions for the sake of one, but invariably fair: people will be always ready to pay the money that is necessary them to liking. Plan to create something, that is pleasant to consumers, and the future will place all in the places (as it always and occurs).
Plan within the limits of that you are really capable to foresee: that people will grow fond.
2. Stop up - yes, stop up - ears
Authors of the big textbooks for years learnt us, that a condition of creation of innovations is ability to listen and hear consumers.
Stop.
Every day wishes leaning on stated clients the American manufacturers carry out those or other changes. But on the conservative estimates, 85 % from them are simply useless, and introduction of some leads to opposite planned results.
Widespread council «attentively listen» is based on the erroneous assumption according to which people say that they think. It hardly. Many of us say often only that will allow us to present itself in more favourable light. And in the opinion of researchers spending interrogations too. Almost anybody from interrogated people does not admit that he abuses alcohol, will not give the truthful information on the expenses. Thousand cinema halls sobbing in darkness over a film «On an outcome of day» («The Remains of the Day») men in words persistently insisted on that, what is it a silly film for little girls. And only few of fans of cookies «Twinkies» frankly admit the predilection.
The second error which conceals in itself council «attentively listen», consists that people realise what exactly they want, and are capable to express the desires correctly. When we try to comprehend ourselves often we are at a deadlock and we understand, how the rights was Karry from a serial «Sex and the City» («Sex in the big city»), reflecting in the second series of the third season:
«Isn't that so, it is strange, what we know all about the friends to trifles, but resolutely we understand nothing in to ourselves?»
We are confused. Many people of all age try «to find themselves», but find - rather seldom. Karry and F.Nitsshe were right:
«All our life - the riddle, and the greatest secret are we for itself».
To listen to wishes of consumers it is necessary, but from shares of healthy scepticism.
Throughout several decades psychologists assert, that words only mislead us. Where the information received by us by means of bodies of sight is more truthful. «The life proceeds at level of events, instead of words», - well-known psychologist Alfred Adler has told somehow.
Trust only to real events.
Will suffice to listen, look. To break through all protective layers to the latent human desires, peer more steadfastly. Become the researcher in full sense of this word. Learn to look at usual things so that to see hardly more than all the others.
Stop up ears and address in sight.
Continuation in a following post.
1. Forget about the future
Once experts asserted, that telecommunication distribution will lead to a world peace establishment, disappearance of accent at inhabitants of the American South and to basic changes in realisation of surgical operations.
And according to writer Herbert Wells, phones should lead to movement normalisation in city streets as necessity of concentration of a labour for large cities will disappear.
The inventor of phone Alexander Bell has appeared hardly probable not further all from true, after all it considered the offered novelty as the device for transfer of musical concerts.
Conversation possibility between being for thousand kilometres from each other people was already obvious, but accuracy of predictions has not raised at all. The telephone companies considered, that passing voices devices will be used only for business negotiations. And if someone would like to call the friends simply to chat? Absurdity, time waste. Such be simple cannot.
As though we got accustomed to a certain subject, we are not capable to expect its future precisely.
It is not necessary to adhere your planning to assumptions of the possible future as the death and taxes are inevitable only. Leave all assumptions for the sake of one, but invariably fair: people will be always ready to pay the money that is necessary them to liking. Plan to create something, that is pleasant to consumers, and the future will place all in the places (as it always and occurs).
Plan within the limits of that you are really capable to foresee: that people will grow fond.
2. Stop up - yes, stop up - ears
Authors of the big textbooks for years learnt us, that a condition of creation of innovations is ability to listen and hear consumers.
Stop.
Every day wishes leaning on stated clients the American manufacturers carry out those or other changes. But on the conservative estimates, 85 % from them are simply useless, and introduction of some leads to opposite planned results.
Widespread council «attentively listen» is based on the erroneous assumption according to which people say that they think. It hardly. Many of us say often only that will allow us to present itself in more favourable light. And in the opinion of researchers spending interrogations too. Almost anybody from interrogated people does not admit that he abuses alcohol, will not give the truthful information on the expenses. Thousand cinema halls sobbing in darkness over a film «On an outcome of day» («The Remains of the Day») men in words persistently insisted on that, what is it a silly film for little girls. And only few of fans of cookies «Twinkies» frankly admit the predilection.
The second error which conceals in itself council «attentively listen», consists that people realise what exactly they want, and are capable to express the desires correctly. When we try to comprehend ourselves often we are at a deadlock and we understand, how the rights was Karry from a serial «Sex and the City» («Sex in the big city»), reflecting in the second series of the third season:
«Isn't that so, it is strange, what we know all about the friends to trifles, but resolutely we understand nothing in to ourselves?»
We are confused. Many people of all age try «to find themselves», but find - rather seldom. Karry and F.Nitsshe were right:
«All our life - the riddle, and the greatest secret are we for itself».
To listen to wishes of consumers it is necessary, but from shares of healthy scepticism.
Throughout several decades psychologists assert, that words only mislead us. Where the information received by us by means of bodies of sight is more truthful. «The life proceeds at level of events, instead of words», - well-known psychologist Alfred Adler has told somehow.
Trust only to real events.
Will suffice to listen, look. To break through all protective layers to the latent human desires, peer more steadfastly. Become the researcher in full sense of this word. Learn to look at usual things so that to see hardly more than all the others.
Stop up ears and address in sight.
Continuation in a following post.
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